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The Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) is a hybrid-funded Australian public broadcasting radio, online, and television network. SBS operates four TV channels (SBS, SBS 2, NITV and Food Network) and five radio networks (SBS Radio One, TWO & Three, SBS Chill and SBS PopAsia). SBS Online (sbs.com.au) is home to SBS On Demand video streaming service. The stated purpose of SBS is "to provide multilingual and multicultural radio and television services that inform, educate and entertain all Australians and, in doing so, reflect Australia's multicultural society".〔(SBS: Frequently Asked Questions ) SBS Corporation, accessed 26 May 2007〕 SBS is one of five main free-to-air networks in Australia. ==History== In 1975, concerns that minority communities might require details in their own languages of the new Medibank health care scheme (renamed Medicare in 1984) led to the establishment of two ethnic-minority radio stations, 2EA in Sydney and 3EA in Melbourne. These started broadcasting in June 1975, with pre-recorded messages in seven and eight foreign languages, respectively. The following year, the Federal Government formed the Consultative Committee on Ethnic Broadcasting. Following the recommendation of this and subsequent committees, the Broadcasting and Television Act 1942 was amended to found the Special Broadcasting Service. This legislation came into force on 1 January 1978, with the new broadcaster taking responsibility for 2EA and 3EA.〔(SBS: History ) SBS Corporation, accessed 26 May 2007〕 SBS TV began test transmissions in April 1979 when it showed various foreign language programs on ABV-2 Melbourne and ABN-2 Sydney on Sunday mornings. Full-time transmission began at 6:30 p.m. on 24 October 1980 (United Nations Day), as Channel 0/28. The first program shown was a documentary entitled 'Who are we?', which was hosted by veteran news man Peter Luck. At the time, SBS was broadcasting on UHF Channel 28 and VHF Channel 0, with a planned discontinuation of the latter at some time in the future. Bruce Gyngell, who introduced television to Australia back in 1956, was given the task of introducing the first batch of programs on the new station. On 14 October 1983, the service expanded into Canberra, Cooma, and Goulburn and, at the same time, changed its name to Network 0–28. Its new slogan was the long-running "Bringing the World Back Home". The network changed its name to SBS on 18 February 1985, and began daytime transmissions. SBS expanded to Brisbane, Adelaide, Newcastle, Wollongong, and the Gold Coast in the June of that year. On 5 January 1986, SBS ceased broadcasting on the VHF channel 0 frequency. Although many Australians at the time did not have UHF antennas, SBS's VHF licence had already been extended by a year at this stage, and not all antennas had worked well with the low-frequency Channel 0 either.〔(The History of Australian Television: SBS Television ), accessed 22 May 2007〕 In August 1986, the government proposed legislation that would merge SBS into the ABC. This was highly unpopular with ethnic-minority communities, leading Prime Minister Bob Hawke to announce in 1987 that the proposed amalgamation would not proceed. The SBS Radio and Television Youth Orchestra was launched in 1988 with founding conductor Matthew Krel. Plans to introduce limited commercial-program sponsorship, and the establishment of SBS as an independent corporation with its own Charter, were put in place in July 1989. Eat Carpet, showcasing local and international short films, was also launched in 1989. The proclamation of the Special Broadcasting Service Act 1991 officially made SBS a corporation in 1991. Throughout the early 1990s, SBS TV coverage was expanded further to include new areas such as the Latrobe Valley, Spencer Gulf, Darwin, northeast Tasmania, Cairns and Townsville. In 1992, SBS's radio and television facilities were gradually moved to new headquarters in Artarmon, New South Wales, from their original studios at Bondi Junction (radio) and Milsons Point (television). The new building was officially opened on the 10 November 1993 by Prime Minister Paul Keating. A national radio network was launched in January 1994. The new service initially covered Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth and Darwin, while original stations 2EA and 3EA were renamed Radio Sydney and Radio Melbourne, respectively. The new national service was launched on a separate frequency in Sydney and Melbourne in July of that year. Throughout 1996, radio services were expanded to cover Hobart and Canberra, while SBS TV's coverage was further expanded to include the New South Wales North Coast and Albury. ''South Park'', SBS's most successful television series, was first shown in 1997. A time-delay system was installed for South Australia in May 1999, shortly before the establishment of the Transmission Services division (intended to manage transmission and self-help services). A New Media division, responsible for the SBS website, was established at the start of 2000, in time for the first webcast of the AFI Awards. Ratings continued to increase through 2000 to 2001 – increasing to an overall 5.2% average weekly audience share.〔 SBS Radio dropped four languages, and added four others, in April 2003, while increasing the broadcast hours for Cantonese, Mandarin, and Arabic. SBS broadcast the 2004 Athens Olympics in partnership with the Seven Network. SBS broadcast the Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland. Tagalog, Vietnamese, and Arabic language broadcasts were added to SBS's ''WorldWatch'' television schedule in 2003. The Vietnamese community protested the Vietnamese-language service, which was just taken from VTV4, Vietnam's government-controlled the national broadcaster. They found the portrayal of the communist Vietnamese flag and Ho Chi Minh offensive, and the Vietnamese Community of Australia stated that its lack of reporting on political arrests and religious oppression were also offensive, especially to those who had fled the country following the Vietnam War. This backlash prompted SBS to display disclaimers before all externally produced bulletins distancing the it from the content. In May 2008, SBS unveiled a new-look logo, as well as a new backronymic slogan: ''Six Billion Stories and counting''.〔(SBS: Six Billion Stories and counting ) SBS Corporation, accessed 8 May 2008〕 On 8 May 2012, SBS received $158 million in government funding,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=$158m funding boost for SBS )〕 of which $15 million would be used yearly, to fund the formation of a new free-to-air channel devoted to the indigenous peoples of Australia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=New Indigenous TV channel for SBS )〕 which would replace the existing National Indigenous Television on 12 December 2012, with 90% of its staff transferring to this new channel.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SBS – but wait there's more... )〕 On 12 December 2012, NITV was re-launched as an SBS-operated free-to-air channel, replacing SBS4.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NITV: Launch Day )〕 SBS is a supporter of Marriage Equality and pulled an anti-marriage equality ad ahead of its telecast of the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras. Managing Director Michael Ebeid has defended the SBS position.〔 On 17 November 2015, the new food channel Food Network was launched. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Special Broadcasting Service」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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